Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was developed based on MEM medium. Compared to MEM, it contains twice the amino acids and four times the vitamins, while also incorporating nonessential amino acids, trace iron ions, and sodium pyruvate. DMEM was originally formulated with 1000 mg/L glucose (low-glucose type), later evolving into a 4500 mg/L glucose variant (high-glucose type). It is now widely used for culturing diverse cell types. Glucose-free DMEM allows researchers to conveniently adjust glucose concentrations as needed for specific studies.